What Is Breast Cancer? Symptoms, Causes, and Risk Factors

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Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women globally, including in India. With rising awareness, early detection, and improved treatment options, survival rates have improved significantly. However, understanding what breast cancer is, recognizing its symptoms, knowing the causes, and identifying the risk factors remain critical to early intervention and effective treatment.

What Is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast begin to grow abnormally and form a lump or mass. These cancerous cells can invade surrounding tissues and, in some cases, spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. While breast cancer primarily affects women, men can also develop it, though it is much rarer.

Breast cancer typically begins in the ducts (ductal carcinoma) or lobules (lobular carcinoma), which are the glands responsible for producing milk.

Common Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Being aware of the early warning signs of breast cancer can lead to faster diagnosis and better outcomes. Some of the most common symptoms include:

  • A new lump in the breast or underarm (armpit)

  • Change in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast

  • Pain in the breast or nipple area

  • Nipple discharge (other than breast milk), possibly bloody

  • Skin changes on the breast (dimpling, puckering, redness, or scaling)

  • Inverted nipple or changes in nipple position

  • Swelling or thickening in part of the breast

These symptoms don’t always mean cancer — benign conditions can also cause them — but it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider if any of these signs appear.

Causes of Breast Cancer

There is no single known cause of breast cancer. It usually results from a complex interaction of genetic, hormonal, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Some key factors include:

1. Genetic Mutations

Inherited mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase the risk of developing breast (and ovarian) cancer.

2. Hormonal Factors

Long-term exposure to estrogen, such as early menstruation, late menopause, or hormone replacement therapy, can elevate the risk.

3. Lifestyle Choices

Unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption have been linked to higher breast cancer risk.

4. Radiation Exposure

Previous exposure to radiation therapy, especially to the chest, may increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer later in life.

Risk Factors You Should Know

While some risk factors are beyond your control, understanding them helps in making informed decisions regarding health check-ups and lifestyle choices.

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

  • Age – Risk increases with age, especially after 50.

  • Gender – Women are at a much higher risk.

  • Family History – A family history of breast or ovarian cancer increases your chances.

  • Genetics – Inherited mutations (like BRCA1/2) can significantly elevate risk.

  • Previous Breast Conditions – A history of benign breast diseases or earlier breast cancer can also raise the likelihood of recurrence.

Modifiable Risk Factors

  • Alcohol Consumption – Even low levels of alcohol can increase risk.

  • Obesity – Especially after menopause.

  • Lack of Physical Activity – Sedentary lifestyle may raise the risk.

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy – Long-term use increases breast cancer risk.

Conclusion: Prevention, Awareness, and Choosing the Right Treatment

Understanding breast cancer and its associated symptoms, causes, and risk factors is crucial in taking proactive steps toward early detection and treatment. Regular self-exams, annual clinical screenings, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can go a long way in reducing your risk.

When it comes to treatment, Kerala has become a beacon of hope for many patients across India and abroad. Among the leading institutions in holistic cancer care is Athulya Ayurvedic Medical Research Centre, one of the best centers for Breast Cancer Treatment in Kerala. Combining the power of Ayurveda with personalized treatment plans, AAMRC focuses on natural healing, immune support, and improving overall quality of life. Their expert team of Ayurvedic doctors and supportive care staff ensures that every patient receives compassionate, evidence-based care.

If you or a loved one is facing a breast cancer diagnosis, exploring integrative approaches like those offered at Athulya Ayurvedic Medical Research Centre can provide new hope and healing.

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